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The phrase publicly funded elections is frequently used to describe political campaigns funded by the government rather than private individuals and organizations. It does not, as used in this article, refer to the public operation and funding of polling places, poll workers, vote counting, voter registration and other acts pertaining directly to the process of voting. == In the United States == Some form of publicly funded legislation has been adopted by ballot initiative in Maine, Arizona, North Carolina, New Mexico, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Massachusetts. In addition, public funding of elections have been incorporated to law in Connecticut and at the municipal level in New York City, Albuquerque, New Mexico, New Haven, Connecticut, and Portland, Oregon. However, the systems in Massachusetts and Portland were later repealed, while Vermont's was struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court on First Amendment grounds. Wisconsin's program was defunded by the state legislature in 2011. These laws have run into constitutional problems in the courts. Substantial portions of the Vermont system were found unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in ''Randall v. Sorrell.'' Portions of Connecticut's statute were held unconstitutional in August, 2009, on grounds that it unfairly discriminated against third party and independent candidates, but the core program of full funding of constitutional and legislative candidates remains in place.〔(Wall Street Journal )〕 In July 2010 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upheld portions of the District court's order but allowed the core program to continue.〔http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/files/green-party-1.pdf〕 On June 27, 2011, ruling in the consolidated cases ''Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett'' and ''McComish v. Bennett'', the Supreme Court deemed unconstitutional the matching-funds provision of the Arizona law. The decision cast doubt on the constitutionality of similar provisions in Maine, Wisconsin, and elsewhere. As a result, the Wisconsin legislature eliminated funding for its judicial elections in 2011. Additionally, voters have defeated publicly funded elections in several recent referendums. In Massachusetts the system was repealed after a 2002 advisory initiative in which voters voted nearly 2 to 1 against using government funds to pay for political campaigns. Portland, Oregon's program was narrowly repealed by voters in a 2010 referendum.〔http://www.portlandcan.net/auditor/index.cfm?a=329306&c=25948〕 In 2008, a Clean Elections bill, the California Fair Elections Act (AB583) passed the California Assembly and Senate and was signed by Governor Schwarzenegger. To take effect, however, the law had to be approved by voters in an initiative in June 2010. On June 8, 2010, California voters defeated the measure by 57% to 43%. An earlier Clean Elections ballot initiative, Proposition 89 was also defeated in California in 2006, by 74% against to 26% in favor. A Clean Elections ballot initiative in Alaska failed by a 64% to 35% margin in August 2008. In April 2010, the Colorado Initiative Title Setting Review Board approved the text of a Proposed Initiative #53 on Campaign Finance, and signature gathering began,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Proposed Initiative 2009–2010 #53 )〕 but the measure failed to qualify for the 2010 ballot. Additionally, a pilot program adopted by the New Jersey state legislature in 2004 and applying in select legislative districts was abandoned by the legislature after the 2007 state elections. In 2013, North Carolina repealed its system of public financing of judicial campaigns.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Public Campaign )〕 Comprehensive public funding systems have been in effect in Arizona and Maine since 2000. In Maine, since enactment, approximately three quarters of state legislators have run their campaigns with government subsidies provided by the state program. In Arizona, a majority of the state house and both the Republican and Democratic candidates for Governor ran publicly financed campaigns in 2006. There has not yet been a statewide election in Maine in which both the Republican and Democratic candidates were financed through the public financing system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Publicly funded elections」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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